Under physiological conditions, a healthy gut microbiota and an intact intestinal barrier are critical for establishing immune tolerance ( The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), a dynamic ecosystem of cancer cells, stromal cells, ECM, and diverse immune cells, profoundly shapes tumor progression and therapeutic responses ( A pivotal mechanism linking gut dysbiosis to pro-tumorigenic inflammation is the translocation of microbial components, most notably lipopolysaccharide (LPS), across a compromised intestinal barrier ( Beyond TLR-dependent microbial sensing, the NF-B pathway serves as a critical signaling hub that integrates diverse pro-tumorigenic stimuli within the TIME
Physiological iron uptake primarily relies on heme oxygenase (HO)-mediated iron recycling, predominantly stores in labile iron pool (LIP) by binding ferritin (Ft), and releases iron through transferrin receptor 1 [65]
Because the bubble is made of the same material as your cells, it can easily fuse with your cell membranes and deliver the glutathione directly where it is needed
The resulting supernatants were diluted in a 10 times volume, and the dilutions were used in the assay