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144 Metabolic pathways and reprogramming in other innate immune cells Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including natural killer (NK) cells, non-cytotoxic ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s, are emerging innate immune cells that participate in immune responses to pathogens

Supplementation helps maintain optimal Vitamin D status, particularly in horses with restricted sunlight exposure, those on hay-based diets, or animals with higher metabolic or skeletal demands

Many adults do not produce sufficient butyrate due to diets low in the specific fibers and polyphenols that butyrate-producing bacteria require

From a toxicological aspect the B series, in particular fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) is the most challenging, exerting species-specific and target organ specific effects (Chen et al., 2021