smoking 3 cigarettes in a row Ten tobacco isolated on white background with clipping path. Top view. When ten cigarettes or less per day, the risk Stock Photo What Is a Lucky Cigarette?

It is known to increase the risk of inflammatory bowel disease like IBD." Dr Rohan Badave, Consultant - Medical Gastroenterology, Manipal Hospital, Goa, echoes the concern, "Tobacco use (smoking or chewing) can alter the balance of gut bacteria, potentially contributing to bloating, flatulence, abdominal discomfort, and altered bowel habits." Experts say this microbial imbalance may explain why many tobacco users frequently complain of gas, abdominal discomfort, unpredictable bowel movements, and persistent digestive uneasiness

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Inhaled cigarette smoke first encounters the airway epithelium, where it may induce oxidative stress by both acute effects of its reactive components and by the intracellular generation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria [16]

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