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Cochrans Q test was used to evaluate heterogeneity between the IVs, as the presence of heterogeneity may influence the MR results

Mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating and moderating these calcium transients, mainly by removing the cytosolic Ca 2+ ions and transporting them via the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) through the mitochondrial membrane into the mitochondrial matrix

Patients with Duchenne dystrophy and Becker dystrophy showed lower carnitine levels in muscle biopsies than controls [131] though these levels were higher than in patients suffering primary carnitine deficiency as a result of severe muscle damage [1]

Although the regulation of liver regeneration has been widely researched, its detailed mechanism remains not fully elucidated